Elements and Functional Groups of the Macromolecules
My AP Biology Thoughts
Unit 1 Episode #40
Welcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Victoria and I am your host for episode 40 called Unit 1: Elements and Functional Groups of the Macromolecules. Today we will be discussing the elements and functional groups of macromolecules.
Segment 1: Introduction to Functional groups and elements of the macromolecules
Functional Groups:
- Collections of atoms that attach the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule and confer specific properties.
- Each type of organic molecule has its own specific type of functional group.
- Functional groups in biological molecules play an important role in the formation of molecules like DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Functional groups include: hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl
Carbohydrates:
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (1:2:1 ratio)
Functional Groups:
- Hydroxyl
- Carbonyl
- Aldehyde (O= on the end of carbon chain)
Ketone ( O= in the middle of a carbon chain)
Proteins/Amino Acid:
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Functional Groups:
- Carboxylic acid
- R group
- Amine
Lipids:
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (sometimes P, N, and S)
Functional Groups:
- Hydroxyl
- Carboxylic Acids
- Esters (ester linkages)
Nucleic acids:
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen
Functional Groups:
- Phosphate
- Some nitrogenous bases have Carbonyl and Amino
- Sugars have hydroxyl
Segment 2: Example of these groups in the Macromolecules
Carbohydrates:
Proteins/Amino Acid:
Lipids:
Nucleic Acids:
Segment 3: Digging Deeper Connect it to the Chemistry of life/How do these functional groups affect the macromolecules
Functional groups are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own characteristic properties, regardless of the other atoms present in a molecule. They are responsible for the macromolecules functions, which play a role in the chemical processes necessary for living organisms to survive.
Thank you for listening to this episode of My AP Biology Thoughts. For more student-ran podcasts and digital content, make sure that you visit www.hvspn.com. See you next time!
Music Credits:
- “Ice Flow” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
- Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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